Base32 Encoding and Decoding in C#

You might have to do some Base32 Encoding or Decoding in C# (or PowerShell). Here's a simple .NET implementation in C# you can use!


using System;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
public static class Base32
{
/// <summary>
/// The different characters allowed in Base32 encoding.
/// </summary>
/// <remarks>
/// This is a 32-character subset of the twenty-six letters A–Z and six digits 2–7.
/// <see cref="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Base32" />
/// </remarks>
private const string Base32AllowedCharacters = "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ234567";

/// <summary>
/// Converts a byte array into a Base32 string.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="input">The string to convert to Base32.</param>
/// <param name="addPadding">Whether or not to add RFC3548 '='-padding to the string.</param>
/// <returns>A Base32 string.</returns>
/// <remarks>
/// https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3548#section-2.2 indicates padding MUST be added unless the reference to the RFC tells us otherswise.
/// https://github.com/google/google-authenticator/wiki/Key-Uri-Format indicates that padding SHOULD be omitted.
/// To meet both requirements, you can omit padding when required.
/// </remarks>
public static string ToBase32String(this byte[] input, bool addPadding = true)
{
if (input == null || input.Length == 0)
{
return string.Empty;
}

var bits = input.Select(b => Convert.ToString(b, 2).PadLeft(8, '0')).Aggregate((a, b) => a + b).PadRight((int)(Math.Ceiling((input.Length * 8) / 5d) * 5), '0');
var result = Enumerable.Range(0, bits.Length / 5).Select(i => Base32AllowedCharacters.Substring(Convert.ToInt32(bits.Substring(i * 5, 5), 2), 1)).Aggregate((a, b) => a + b);
if (addPadding)
{
result = result.PadRight((int)(Math.Ceiling(result.Length / 8d) * 8), '=');
}
return result;
}

public static string EncodeAsBase32String(this string input, bool addPadding = true)
{
if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(input))
{
return string.Empty;
}

var bytes = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(input);
var result = bytes.ToBase32String(addPadding);
return result;
}

public static string DecodeFromBase32String(this string input)
{
if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(input))
{
return string.Empty;
}

var bytes = input.ToByteArray();
var result = Encoding.UTF8.GetString(bytes);
return result;
}

/// <summary>
/// Converts a Base32 string into the corresponding byte array, using 5 bits per character.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="input">The Base32 String</param>
/// <returns>A byte array containing the properly encoded bytes.</returns>
public static byte[] ToByteArray(this string input)
{
if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(input))
{
return new byte[0];
}

var bits = input.TrimEnd('=').ToUpper().ToCharArray().Select(c => Convert.ToString(Base32AllowedCharacters.IndexOf(c), 2).PadLeft(5, '0')).Aggregate((a, b) => a + b);
var result = Enumerable.Range(0, bits.Length / 8).Select(i => Convert.ToByte(bits.Substring(i * 8, 8), 2)).ToArray();
return result;
}
}

(Sorry about the formatting, but Visual Studio will sort it out for you!)

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